Jamesmessig’s Weblog

Extreme Starships Powered By Fuel Pellet Runway Streams. 1st Revised Version.

November 7, 2009 by jamesmessig

1) Nuclear Fission and/or Fusion Bomb Type Pellet Runways.

2) Super High Energy Density Degeneracy Pressure Based Potential Energy Solid Pellet Runways.

3) Stupendously High Energy Density Solid Pellet Runways That Effectively Reify At Least Partially Depolarized Zero Point Vacuum Energy Fields.

4) Bose-Einstein Solid and/or Liquid Ultra-High Energy Density Pellet Runways.

5) Shaped Charge Staging of Nuclear Bomb Style Pellets.

6) Matter-Antimatter Quark Bombs And Shaped Charge Staging Of Matter-Antimatter Quarkonium Bombs

A) Matrix Tables Indicating Some Combinations Of Pure Matter And Pure Antimatter Cores And Claddings For Quarkonium Explosive Devices.

B) Matrix Tables Indicating Some Combinations Of; Single Matter Flavored, Two Matter Flavored, And Two Flavored Matter Antimatter, Cores And Claddings For Quarkonium Explosive Devices.

C) Shaped Charge Staging of Pure Matter-Antimatter Quarkonium Bombs.

D) Peaceful Uses Of Matter Antimatter Quarkonium Bombs And Shaped Charge Matter Antimatter Quarkonium Bombs.

7) Conclusion

Introduction:

Some of the concepts expressed herein are main-stream in terms of the scope of potential methods studied for achieving interstellar flight. Others are more speculative and involve extreme physical quantities that are not likely to be achievable for a very long time in the future. But as the reader of all of my posts may be aware, I always live by the manta, “Never say never!”

Note that the more main-stream concepts are not of my origination and so I cannot take credit away from those who thought of them first and then developed the concepts in more refined versions. However because many main-stream interstellar travel concepts in general were thought of and further developed by others, and in some cases by persons working in parallel unawares of the other researchers, I tend not to given credit specifically to the individuals who first thought of the concepts due to time constraints imposed on my writing opportunities and also due to the fact that many of the concepts that I write about on my blog are in their most basic form, every day working theoretical and applied theoretical knowledge at this point. I do in fact tend to take many of the everyday concepts to extreme exemplar limits as this is one of my chosen theoretical and speculative writing styles.

1) Nuclear Fission and/or Fusion Bomb Type Pellet Runways.

Regarding using atomic pellet runways to drive a manned starship, I remember reading about the concept of antiproton catalyzed fission bomblets wherein molecular cages containing antiprotons within pellets of not only U-235, but if my memory serves me correctly, also combinations of U-235 and U-238 , or perhaps even pure U-238, would be opened up thus causing the anti-protons to be released thereby causing fissions to proceed at a rate in which an effectively super-critical mass would be produced. The ability to use U-238 would reduce the rigorousness of the requirement to avoid accidental formation of a critical mass or supercritical mass before the space craft passed just adjacent to or by a given pellet. Remember, large Mo/M1 ratios would be required to reach relativistic velocities of a large fraction of C and so an atomic pellet runway might be the best nuclear fuel for nuclear powered space craft to reach high terminal gamma factors..

If such atomic fission bomblets can be produced, perhaps they can also be encased in the best performing nuclear fusion fuels for the purpose of propelling a space craft to relativistic velocities. It might be easier to use such a fission fusion mechanism than it is to use direct anti-proton based fusion.

But what about the possibility pure fusion pellet runways utilizing pellets containing a relatively small mass of locked within molecular cages that are released by chemical or nano-tech means into the bulk of the fusion fuel at the appropriate times. The antiprotons could be used to initiate nuclear fusion of small fusion fuel pellets? Such a mechanism might entail carrying 0.7 percent of the rest mass of the total fuel in the form of antiprotons. The anti-protons would interact with the protons in the normal matter fusion fuel with the result that from matter /antimatter annihilations alone, about 1.4 percent of the total fuel rest mass would be converted into energy. Add to this, the maximum 0.7 percent mass conversion into energy as a result of the fusion of protons into Helium and one obtains a conversion efficiency of mass into energy of a whopping 2.1 percent or [(2 x 1.4) + 0.7] percent which can be used to propel the space craft..

The above concept is not trivial in its scope as it permits significant increases in theoretical mass specific yield performance of the fuel pellets over the case of traditional nuclear fusion runway schemes. The considerably hotter temperature of the reactions would result in a higher velocity for the massive particle produced in the pellet explosions.

Note that the rest mass of the proton 938.272013(23) MeV/[C EXP 2], so as a result, of a single proton antiproton fusion, about 1,879 MeV is produced.

The antimatter might be stored in a neutral form as anti-hydrogen ice, and suspended some how within the pellet, either in bulk form or in the form of ready to annihilate tiny pellets that would be fired into or otherwise mixed with the normal matter hydrogen fuel, which may also take on a frozen form of hydrogen ice, at the appropriate time. Alternatively, the anti-hydrogen ice could be ionized whereupon beams of anti-protons would be fired into the portions of hydrogen fuel to be fused thereby causing mini thermonuclear explosions wherein the heat generated by the matter antimatter annihilation would cause the hydrogen fuel pellets to fusion and explode.

As mentioned in the previous article in this series, the problem of how to store all of the required nuclear fuel in proximity to the ship without creating a critical or supercritical mass is completely alleviated through the use of fusion power propulsion systems instead of fission powered systems. Also, the fusion runways reduce the value of M0/M1 of the space craft essentially to one.

Fusion fuel is cheap and the most mass wise abundant baryonic matter fuel in the known universe. Locked up within the Gas Giant planets of our solar system, and within the Kuiper Belt and Oort cloud, there may exist a total of one solar mass or more of hydrogen and/or helium fuel. Assuming an averaged manned star ship uses 1 million metric tons of fusion fuel per mission that involves a 10,000 metric ton, or a 100,000 metric tons space craft, this is enough fuel to launch 10 EXP (27 – 6) missions or 10 EXP 21 missions. This works out to be about 100 billion missions per year over a period of 10 billion years. This yearly flight rate is far more than the total number of airline commercial passenger flights per year on Earth.

2) Super High Energy Density Degeneracy Pressure Based Potential Energy Solid Pellet Runways.

A few concepts occurred to me regarding extreme energy storage and/or released from highly compressed materials.

1) The first concept involves crushing material until it somehow forms a stable state with the density of white dwarf material. If a small but macroscopic quantity of material could be compressed about 100 million fold to achieve some sort of stably locked compressed mode, then the destabilization of the material on command I think would yield enough energy for use in manned interstellar star flight. If the Pauli Exclusion Principle could somehow be suppressed and then reinstated for macroscopic white dwarf dense rocket fuel quantities, then we might have a whole new method with which to reach the stars. Perhaps somehow zero-point vacuum energy would come into play to enable easier compression of the normal density matter into white dwarf density wherein the reinstatement of the Pauli Exclusion Principle as such might be away of producing the huge energy release upon decompression.

2) The second concept involves crushing material further into neutron density wherein a macroscopic would be quantity of neutron dense matter would be formed by crushing the precursor normal density matter into a stably locked form of neutronium possibly with any usable form of Pauli Exclusion Principle suppression. As in the case of the white dwarf dense material, the neutronium dense matter would be decompressed for use as an even more powerful rocket fuel wherein the neutron dense matter state would be unlocked possibly by somehow reinstating the Pauli Exclusion Principle. This procedure ought to definitely get us to the stars if possible.

3) The third concept involves compressing matter to the extent that the Pauli Exclusion Principle that would normally keep quarks within neutronium from getting to close to each other would effectively be at least partially suspended and the super dense state of quarkonium would be stably locked. Unlocking this super-dense state possibly by reinstating the Pauli Exclusion Principle in full might allow for stupendously powerful rocket fuel upon decompression.

Note that for white dwarfs and neutron stars, fermionic degeneracy plays an important role. As normal matter becomes compressed past white dwarf density towards neutron density in a neutron star, it is not the electric charge repulsion between the protons within the nuclei that matters, for the protons and electrons are effectively crushed together to a state that is indistinguishable form neutronium. It is the neutron degeneracy pressure that holds to neutron star from its final collapse into a black hole until the mass of the neutron star reaches about 3 solar masses.

4) The fourth concept involves a very hypothetical denser state yet that assumes that quarks may be composite wherein an even much greater density state can be achieved than that for quarkonium. Once again, producing a stably locked state possibly with the aid of Pauli Exclusion Principle suppression followed by decompression possibly through Pauli Exclusion Principle reinstatement might yield even more powerful rocket fuel yet.

It has been stated by at least one physicist that it would take more energy than that contained within the entire visible universe to compress the Earth into a black-hole state if the Earth was squeezed by mechanical pressure as if by a hand were the force of gravity and general relativistic effects to be suspended.. Note that the size of an Earth massed black-hole is about 1.2 centimeters in diameter. This density works out to be about 10 EXP 21 metric tons per cubic centimeter. Clearly, there is huge energy available in ultra-compressed matter. Such states as mentioned in items 1-4 above should not be discounted as rocket fuel for starships as we learn how to compress matter significantly beyond normal density.

Note that the pressure at the center of a neutron star can be roughly estimated to be the weight of a column of unit area extending from the neutron star surface radially to its center. The pressure thus approximated is (10 EXP 12 Gs)(10 EXP 6)(10 EXP 9) = 10 EXP 27 Metric Tons (Force equivalent) per square centimeter.

It might be the case that any of the four examples or types of super high energy dense materials can be used in the composition of pellets in pellet runways.

3) Stupendously High Energy Density Solid Pellet Runways That Effectively Reify At Least Partially Depolarized Zero Point Vacuum Energy Fields.

As mentioned above, it was once calculated by a prominent physicist that in order to crush the Earth down into the size of a black hole, for the case wherein self gravitational attraction and general relativistic principles would not be manifested, an energy equivalent to much, much greater than the entire mattergy content within the visible universe would be required to so compress the Earth. I do not remember the specific figure but the alleged quantity of required energy was huge. I will attempt to come up with the specific number or perhaps I can recalculate the number in terms of rough estimates. Stay tuned, I think you will be duly impressed.

As I was reflecting on the above conclusion, an idea came into my mind that suppose the Earth could be crushed down to a state of near black hole density, far below in volume to the state at which the degeneracy pressure acting on the quarks composing the mass would no longer prevent the quarks from losing their identity, whereupon given the general relativistic effects and the force of gravity, such a state might be achieved with far less energy than would other wise be required. I pondered the possibility that perhaps any squashed quarks states or sub-composition of quarks within the compressed mass would then somehow be exposed to some sort of antigravity or gravity cancellation effects wherein the crushing force of gravity and other general relativistic space time distortion effects would be partially or completely suspended thereby resulting in the decompression of the near black hole density of Earth mass quantity thus releasing at least as much energy or creating at least as much energy as exists within the entire remainder of the visible universe if not many orders of magnitude more. If most of this energy could be converted to space craft kinetic energy for a space craft with a rest-mass of 1,000 metric tons, then assuming the energy release was about equal the real energy equivalence of the entire mass content of the observable universe, then the space craft might obtain a relativistic gamma factor of (10 EXP 50)(10 EXP – 3) = 10 EXP 47 assuming that the total mass contained within the observable universe is about 10 EXP 53 kilograms.

If one pellet can induce such a relativistic gamma factor, why not a whole series of such pellets! No doubt, relativistic Doppler red shifting of the bosonic and fermionic energy and matter waves generated by the blast would act to reduce the energy delivered to the space craft unless all of the explosive energy could some how be absorbed by the craft and then converted to a reactionary thrust stream and/or field effect driving force with near 100 percent efficiency.

Perhaps the apparent creation of energy in such a conjectured experiment would actually be created from a condition of lower net energy, but in all likelihood, the energy might be conceived more properly as being derived from the zero point energy fields or the latent energy within the vacuum state of free and otherwise empty space. Note that some calculations of the latent energy density of the vacuum of space suggest that the energy density of the vacuum of space should be about 120 orders of magnitude greater than the observed average energy density of the visible universe with is about 10 EXP – 31 grams per cubic centimeter.

If such high latent vacuum energy state densities exist, then a depolarization or unbalancing of the this vacuum energy state might result in an energy release of the equivalence 10 EXP (120 – 31) grams per cubic centimeter = 10 EXP (120 – 37) metric tons per cubic centimeter = 10 EXP 83 metric tons per cubic centimeter ~ 10 EXP 23.5 times the combined real mattergy content of the observable universe all within a cubic centimeter of space. Note that in the case where such energy could be derived from a cubic centimeter of space, due to any depleted energy state refresh time, in reality the energy derivable from such a cubic centimeter of space in one second or even in one small fraction of a second is likely to be much greater than the above conjectured energy density because of energy stock refreshments that are likely to be operative or regenerative as a result of the virtual energy properties of space time.

If most of this energy could be converted to space craft kinetic energy for a space craft with a rest-mass of 1,000 metric tons, then assuming the energy release was about equal to 10 EXP 83 metric tons per cubic centimeter ~ 10 EXP 23.5 times the combined real mattergy content of the observable universe all within a cubic centimeter of space, then the space craft might obtain a relativistic gamma factor of (10 EXP 83)(10 EXP – 3) = 10 EXP 80.

4) Bose-Einstein Solid and/or Liquid Ultra-High Energy Density Pellet Runways.

Another potential mechanism for releasing tremendous energy might involve producing some sort of dense state of a Bose Einstein Solid or Liquid wherein the atomic or molecular constituents of the materials would be bosonic in form. The general idea here is that as the positions of the atoms became less localized and the wave-functions of the individual atoms overlapped and became enmeshed in each other, some way of causing the atoms to all sink to a low potential at which they would in a sense at least partially all coalesce into a state of extreme density perhaps, even densities as high as that of a white dwarf star or perhaps even states as dense as the atomic nucleus, might exist.

Upon the production of such a tremendously dense state, the Bose Einstein condensate would some how be shocked with a powerful influx of energy wherein the solid or liquid’s atoms and/or molecules would in a near instant suddenly behave like ordinary atoms with all of the coulombic interaction and Vaandervals forces that ordinary atoms and molecules, even bosonic forms of such, experience at ordinary temperatures and pressures. The idea here is that the sudden re-onset of electron, proton, and neutron, and in general the atomic electron cloud degeneracy pressures resulting from the constituent fermions comprising the bosonic atoms and molecules taking on well defined and distinct wave functions would result in Pauli Exclusion Principle based repulsion thus leading to tremendous energy releases. I have not yet done the calculations, but my feeling is that if the initial Bose Einstein Condensate material’s density can be made suitable high, then perhaps rest mass specific energy releases equal to that of nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, matter antimatter annihilation, and perhaps releases much greater than the conversion of mass completely into energy, can be made to occur.

Such an energy release, if greater in efficiency that of complete conversion of a given mass into energy, might be interpreted as the drawing in of energy from hidden higher or parallel dimensional space or space time or perhaps from the zero point vacuum energy fields.

Another option for causing the release of very large quantities of energy from Bose Einstein Condensates of extreme density is perhaps to simply beam particles that interact with the nuclear matter of such condensates in such a manner that the condensate’s atoms are converted by nuclear processes into fermions thus resulting in a whole sale release of energy in the form of fermionic atomic, nuclear, or molecular degeneracy pressure.

One possible low energy form of radiation for accomplishing such a feat might entail the beaming of low energy thermal neutrons into a Bose Einstein Condensate composed of atoms whose nuclei can capture the neutrons via low energy neutron capture mechanisms thus causing the atoms that captured the nuclei to be transformed into fermions wherein the neutron capturing atoms were originally bosons.

Alternatively, antimatter electrons or positrons might be beamed into the Bose Einstein Condensate in such a manner that the spins of various Bosonic atoms and molecules are reduced by an odd integer multiple of fundamental spins units of 1/2. Recall that Bosons have even integer multiples of the fundamental quantum spin unit wherein the fundamental unit is often labeled simply as 1/2. Fermions, on the other hand, have odd integer multiples of fundamental spin units of 1/2.

Yet another option might be to blast the bosonic condensate with arbitrary forms of particles whether or not the particles are ionizing photons or massive high energy particles in such a manner that the electrons around various atoms and molecules comprising the Bose Einstein condensate are dislodged from the Bosonic Atoms or Molecules in such a manner that these atoms become fermions thus resulting in the on-set of whole sale atomic and/or molecular fermionic degeneracy pressure.

Note that in theory, the energy to convert a Bose Einstein Condensate back into a non condensate state is very small, in general much smaller than one Calorie/gram or one kC/kg.

Now if such high density Bose Einstein condensates can be produced wherein the supply of condensate has large macroscopic mass quantities, such a mechanism might make for an awesome energy supply for powering manned interstellar vehicles such as photon, ion, and electron rockets, neutrino and/or tachyon rockets if tachyons or faster than light particles exist, electro-dynamic-hydrodynamic-plasma drive vehicles, magnetic and/or electric field effect propulsion vehicles and the like. Our technological pathways to the stars might suddenly be provided. However, with the ability to release such huge quantities of energy comes great responsibility and unfortunately, given the present geopolitical and social-political state of our civilization, it is likely that first, the major scientific powers of the United States, Russia, China, and the European Union would likely weaponize such concepts ultimately followed by terrorist organizations and rouge regimes inspired by the destructive effects of such technologies.

Note that the Bose-Einstein pellet energy would be most effectively utilized if the pellets could somehow be detonated within an energy absorption and zero-net drag chamber or energy absorber, wherein the energy would then be converted to a mass-energy thrust stream and/or field effect driving force.

5) Shaped Charge Staging of Nuclear Bomb Style Pellets.

The possibility of producing a shaped charge type of nuclear or thermonuclear device that can concentrate the explosive energy flux upon its detonation to a level 6 orders of magnitude above that which is possible for a standard spherically symmetric nuclear device of the same yield has been proposed in open literature on the subject. According to some sources, using a concentric pattern of simultaneous detonation or using a radially stepped concentric pattern of detonation of the material of either a thermonuclear and/ or of a nuclear fission type of nuclear device, wherein the nuclear fuel charge has a proper relatively simple disk like configuration, might lead to the concentration of the explosive energy in the disk’s center or axis of rotation to a level as much as 6 orders of magnitude greater than that possible with a standard spherically detonating device of the same overall yield. A description of a number of nuclear device designs that involve shaped charge configurations are described below.

The use of shaped charged nuclear devices might be undertaken by unscrupulous organizations to perhaps ignite the Earth’s oceans in a fusion chain reaction which might develop in such a manner; that, due to eddies and random or partially random explosive energy flux concentrations coupled with the relatively high atomic number of the elements that comprise the Earth’s crust or portions thereof, copious quantities of stable or meta stable strangelets could develop and perhaps even bulk quantities of strange matter could develop. These strangelets might convert the remainder of the explosive debris into strangelets and/or bulk strange matter which possibly could threaten the universe as a whole due to the spread of strange matter particles traveling out in every direction at relativistic velocities. These strangelets might enter black holes and be carried further abroad by black hole based wormholes. The free roaming strangelets within our universe may be captured by other planetary or stellar bodies and convert these stellar bodies to strange matter also, thus resulting in an unstoppable chain reaction that spreads throughout our universe and perhaps any other universes that would be so deposed to be effected by strange matter and which would be thermodynamically coupled to our universe, perhaps by way of black hole based wormholes or other exotic kinematic and/or topological mechanisms.

The point is that we must be careful with the development of shaped charged nuclear devices because such devices are theoretically possible to construct with current physics and engineering capabilities. Whether or not such first stage shaped charged nuclear devices would pose the above dangers seems not to be fully understood in my opinion.

Regarding methods of producing a shaped charged nuclear device that might produce the requisite temperatures and pressures required to set of a huge water fusion bomb, heavy water fusion bomb, carbon fusion bomb, hydrocarbon fusion bomb, plastic fusion bomb and the like, a few proposed fission and/or fission-fusion primary nuclear device configurations are described below.

A) The first device might simply have one primary wherein the fission, fission-fusion, fission-fusion-fission, or fission-fusion-fusion device that triggers the fusion of the non-traditional high atomic mass fusion fuel might simply take the form of a disk like structure wherein the entire disk undergoes fusion simultaneously, or wherein the disk undergoes a radially staged fusion reaction wherein differential radial portions of the disk undergo fusion at the precisely required time so as to compound the pressure of the compressed plasma at the very center of the disk thereby increasing the central plasma temperature and forcing the plasma to exit the central axis of the detonating disk in the form of a super-high temperature and super-high pressure jet.

In order to at least temporarily force the jet out in one axial direction instead of in the form of a symmetrical bipolar jet that would otherwise result, some sort of very dense tamper or cladding might be incorporated into one face of the disk such that the super hot jet of material that would otherwise be projected outward and perpendicularly to the otherwise uncladded side would be reflected back to thus amplify the heat and pressure of the jet formed in the opposite direction. The extent of the cladding might include a cladding of such in the form of a plate or ring radially extending out a distance from the center; or the cladding may consist of multiple dense materials, wherein the radial distribution of the cladding materials may optionally differ in density, material type, or quantity to optimize the formation of a more approximately unipolar jet.

Note, that it is understood that the cladding would be reduced to a plasma on the scale of nanoseconds or less depending on the thickness of the cladding material.

Another configuration of a similar device might include cladding on both sides with an optional opening at the very center on one cladded face so that the blast pressure and temperature can be amplified thus increasing the pressure, temperature, and density of the unipolar jet.

Yet another configuration of this same basic design would entail a ring of dense material around the perimeter of a double sided cladded device

B) A second major type of configuration of such a large non-traditional fusion fuel trigger might entail a stacked series of such disks wherein each disk optionally has any of the characteristics as mentioned above. Optionally, disks with dis-similar characteristics such as may optionally be chosen from the examples given above may be incorporated within a stacked arrangement and may each be detonated simultaneously and/or in a series or other temporal pattern so as to maximize the pressure, temperature, density, power density, and total jet energy.

One optional but non-limiting form of a similar device would simply take the form of a tall disk or a long cylinder in which the progression of the nuclear reactions throughout the cylinder in terms of a radial and/or length-wise detonation pattern could be optimized to yield the highest temperatures, pressures, densities, power densities, and/or overall energy contained within the jet. Dense cladding of appropriate materials may in included at optimal positions along the outer surface of the cylinder, cladding in the form of plates or disks may be disposed in a lengthwise distribution along the axis of the cylinder or otherwise as may be necessary to achieve the requisite thermodynamic properties of the jet in order to induce the fusion of the non-traditional fuels.

C) In a third general configuration, multiple disks would have their jets or axis facing inward wherein the disks would be disposed in such an arrangement such that the axes of rotation of the disks axes would all be coplanar. The same arrangement might be used with multiple nuclear or thermonuclear primaries that each have a cylindrical form such as those that are mentioned under section B) above. The multiplicity of devices could be detonated simultaneously such that their jets converge at the same time thus producing a bipolar or unipolar jet of increased temperature, pressure, density, power density, and overall total energy in comparison to the single primary based configurations as described under sections A) and B) above. A tamper plate or mass may be incorporated on one face within the ring like distribution of primaries so that the jet thus formed is preferentially concentrated in one direction as a unipolar jet.

In another form of this third basic configuration, each cylinder or each stack of plates, of which there would be a multiple, would have a form of a wedge or a truncated wedge wherein the space between the cylinders or wedges would be minimized or eliminated altogether so has to prevent or mitigate the divergence of the pressure pulse before it could be amplified into a unipolar jet.

D) In a fourth general configuration, a multiplicity of cylindrical arrangements wherein each arrangement optionally has any of the configurations described above in section C) would be stacked, one on top of the other with optionally no or very little space between each of the former cylindrical arrangements, thus permitting amplified; pressures, temperatures, densities, power densities, and total energy content of the unipolar jet.

E) In a fifth general configuration, each of the overall substantially stacked cylindrical arrangements such as those described in section D) could be included in multiplicity wherein these cylindrical components would be arranged in a manner similar to that described in section C) above.

Note that higher levels of hierarchies similar to those described under sections C) thru E) can be included, but at the risk of over-redundant sounding descriptions, these further cases will not be discussed. However, note that practically any number of levels of hierarchy within these basic configurations can be incorporated into any such overall final product.

F) A sixth basic configuration would entail a conical wedge shaped region filled with any form of appropriate exothermically fusionable fuel, any form of dense materials, elements or isotopes, which may optionally have optimized energy absorbing atomic nuclei, and/or nuclear fissionable elements or isotopes wherein a final configuration of the finished product of any of the configurations in sections B) through E) would resemble in form, a shaped charged conventional warhead such as those commonly used in heavy armor defeating projectiles. Note that each of the substantially cylindrical arrangement subcomponents of the devices described in sections C) through E) can include a similar plasma squeezing conical distribution of material to enhance the shaped charge effect.

G) Note that any of the configurations described under sections B) through F) and/or some or all of the subcomponents may have a conical arrangement of their respective jets such that the jets for a given overall hierarchical element are not all coplanar at the given level of components or subcomponent hierarchy. Thus , the devices or sub-components at the final level and/or at any hierarchical level of subcomponent devices can form jets that are not coplanar but converge in a conical like pattern. In some designs, such an arrangement may be necessary in order to permit the jets formed from partially canceling them selves out.

Note that the pellet energy would be most effectively utilized if the pellets could somehow be detonated within an energy absorption and zero-net drag chamber or energy absorber, wherein the energy would then be converted to a mass-energy thrust stream and/or field effect driving force. The highly directed nature of the jets produced and their extreme relativistic gamma factors in terms of the matter components of the jets could be useful in mitigating relativistic Doppler based losses of forward directed blast matter wave based kinetic energy.

6) Matter-Antimatter Quark Bombs And Shaped Charge Staging Of Matter-Antimatter Quarkonium Bombs

Large atom like molecules containing well over 1/2 dozen quarks are assumed to be possible, wherein such molecules could be bound to their antimatter counterparts in a valence relationship or in a relationship of electrical bonds with their oppositely charge anti-matter versions. Probing the qualitative and quantitative cut off relationship where such atoms and their antimatter counterpart no longer pair annihilate in an inter-related or intra-related manner can shed light on fundamental aspects of matter antimatter relations and the domain of scope of such inter-relations and pair annihilation related phenomenon.

Given that various proposed atoms as such are composed of both matter and antimatter quarks, although not necessarily of the same flavors as such, the study of the limits of pair annihilation with the atoms antimatter counterparts can be made where such limits may arise for atoms consisting of certain pair annihilation limiting numbers of constituent quarks, or perhaps the studies of the limits of pair annihilation with the atoms antimatter counterparts can be made relative to the specific combinations of quark flavor contributions, the relative numbers of quarks of the various flavors, with or with consideration of the total numbers of quarks involved, can be made.

Studying the limits of such pair annihilation with respect to quark flavors, the parameters of up-ness, down-ness, charmed-ness, strange-ness, bottom-ness and top-ness, color force charge, electrical charge, electroweak characteristics, and the like can thus be made with the additional result that the strong nuclear force can be more appropriately characterized, not only in relation to pair annihilation, but in relation to the nature of the eight known types of gluons with themselves, and also, the relationship between these gluons and the six flavors of quarks and/or their antimatter versions.

It might be the case that there are some limits to the size of such quark atoms wherein such quark atoms would no longer pair annihilate with their antimatter versions in an analogous manner that quantum mechanical entanglement might have limits in scope based on any limiting rest masses or total energy content of entangled systems. The tendency to pair annihilate might effectively wash out for quark atoms consisting of beyond the limiting numbers of quarks, and/or relative flavor based contribution of quarks, and/or relative combinations of quark flavors.

Truly, the final story of QCD, QED, and/or Electroweak Theory has yet to be written and may never able to be finished as QCD, QED, and/or Electroweak based systems may have no bounding limits in their complexity.

Thus, the consideration of such large quark based atoms and perhaps at some point their actual production can perhaps lead to a gold mine of new discoveries regarding the fundamental physics of QCD, QED, and electro-weak phenomenon, as well as GUT physics.

Now if we find additional nuclear forces, one or more of which may somehow fall under the umbrella of QCD, or perhaps not, we are left with the possibility that properties such as up-ness, down-ness, charmed-ness, strange-ness, top-ness, and bottom-ness might not be simple or principally fundamental qualities.

There is the possibility that one or more of the following properties: up-ness, down-ness, charmed-ness, strange-ness, top-ness, and bottom-ness; might be constructed or constituted of a composition. The composition might be related to any additional nuclear forces or sub-nuclear forces that may not yet have been discovered, or perhaps some sort of non-nuclear forces that underwrite the existence and behavioral characteristics of the strong nuclear force and/or the weak nuclear force.

We might thus find that quarks are composite particles wherein the particulate sub-components are bound by one or more additional nuclear forces, and/or perhaps one or more additional non-nuclear forces or forces that cannot properly be referred to as nuclear forces.

In the event that one or more nuclear forces and/or one or more non-nuclear forces exist that are operative at the level of QCD or quarks, or which manifest QCD physics and the strong and weak nuclear forces, perhaps the manner of operation or manifestation as such is a synergistic effect or some form of emergent effect based on the inter-relation and interaction from among such sub-QCD force(s) and/or sub-QCD particles.

In the event that there exists additional nuclear forces below the level of quarks or below the levels of the strong and/or weak force, perhaps it might be the case that gluons and/or weak force bosons are composite particles. Alternatively, perhaps the gluons and/or the weak force bosons are part of a family that includes additional force carriers wherein the additional force carriers might be those which embody any of the additional nuclear or sub-nuclear forces. It might be that case that the inter-relational and interactive properties from among some or all of the eight known types of gluons and the three types of weak force bosons, might collectively manifest in what we currently refer to as the strong and/or weak nuclear forces.

Any additional nuclear forces, or sub-nuclear forces would need to be incorporated into models of the early instants of the Big Bang in cosmological evolutionary models. Since the strong nuclear force is believed to have been the first force to separate from the combined gravatic-strong-weak-electromagnetic unification, there remains the possibility that additional phase changes have occurred after the first instants of the start of the Big Bang.

Any such additional phase changes or symmetry breaking events would likely be commensurately more closely immediately related to the otherwise gravatic-strong-weak-electromagnetic force or unification, and by association, more closely related to the force of gravity, which as far as we can tell in terms of the earliest Planck Time level instants of our universe, is the most primal or primitive force, and thus perhaps the most fundamental of the known forces, or so even amongst the set of the known forces and any currently plausibly conjectured forces.

The detailed study of such pre-gravatic-strong-weak-electromagnetic physics, at least at the theoretical levels in the event that direct experimental probing would not be possible or practicable, might lead to some forms of artificial gravitational field production, super-gravity field production, anti-gravity field production, and/or other mechanisms which might be utilizable to alter the topology, geometry, or local dimensionality of space time. Such mechanisms may permit such exotic effects such as the artificial production of wormholes in space time, Einstein-Rosen Bridges, warp drive like propulsion systems, gravity based teleportation, multiple space time connectivities, and the like for the purposes of enabling travel to cosmically remote locations is space time, past, present, or future, within our universe, travel into higher dimensional space or space time, travel into parallel dimensional space or space time, travel into other universes, travel into parallel universes, travel into other multi-verses, travel into parallel multi-verses, and the like.

Perhaps the study of exotic stable super-heavy elements can be of use in probing any strong and/or weak force gravatic effects. The more extreme bounding limits regarding the physics that permits or maintains nuclear stability can be probed by producing and studying stable super-heavy elements yet to be created or discovered, and perhaps such studies can lead to a further refinement and understanding of the gravatic-strong-weak- electromagnetic unification. A wonderful application of such research, even if methods of producing exotic space time distortive effects would be possible only in the far distant future, might simply be the facilitation of artificial gravity and/or anti-gravity fields. Any anti-gravity fields with a strength of within only one to three orders of magnitude in magnitudinal intensity of Earth’s gravity field at the surface would permit reasonable manned interstellar travel scenarios, at least to our nearby stellar neighbors.

A really neat aspect of producing pure matter forms of quarkonium and pure antimatter forms of quarkonium is that one form of such that is non-reactive to the other can be used as an encasement so that matter anti-matter charges or bombs can be produced that have an predetonated mass-density as great as 10 EXP 21 kilograms per cubic meter if not greater.

For instance, the first matrix below of single flavored quark species indicates the combinations of possible core and encasement combinations involving matter and anti-matter. Italicized flavors are antimatter versions.

Now I am reluctant to encourage any form of future militarism here, but as some one who has always been impressed with big fire crackers, one can imagine a 10 EXP 18 metric ton matter-antimatter fire-cracker composed of two basic sub-units wherein the inside of one sub-unit would consist of a given form of pure antimatter quarkonium of type A1, whereas the protective cladding would be composed of a pure matter type of matter M1, that is non-reactive to the core. The other sub-unit would consists of a core composed of anti-M1, whereas the cladding would be composed of a normal matter type form of A1. When it was time for the device to be set off, the two subunits would be explosively combined or perhaps combined via some sort of low energy unlocking of the cores and the cladding wherein the two cores and the two claddings would be intermixed.

The yield of this device would be roughly equal to the fission of a mass of pure uranium 235 equal to that of the mass of the Earth at about 5 x 10 EXP 21 metric tons. However, the explosive energy flux densities of the matter antimatter bomb near the device would be many, many orders of magnitude greater than that of a thermonuclear bomb with the mass of the Earth.

The sub-units in the above device would have a combined volume of only one cubic meter, which is a little more than one cubic yard, however, the device can be scaled up or down, and more than two sub-units can be included within a given device: in fact numerous sub-units can be included wherein the sub-units are of nano-meter, pico-meter, or even of femto-meter scale that are unlocked by nano-technological means, pico-technological means, or femto-technological means.

A more noble and peaceful consideration is the use of very small bomb sizes to propel a space ship to extreme relativistic gamma factors, in a pulse rocket system, or perhaps in a matter/anti-matter explosive pellet runway system.

A) Matrix Tables Indicating Some Combinations Of Pure Matter And Pure Antimatter Cores And Claddings For Quarkonium Explosive Devices.

The following table shows combinations of single flavored matter and anti-matter quarkonium cores and encasements. Italicized flavors are antimatter versions.

CORE

Notice the left to right, bottom to top, diagonal symmetries in the above table. Perhaps there is some deeper meaning to such symmetry that points to the existence of unknown physics, quark sub-structure, another level of symmetry beyond matter anti-matter symmetry and perhaps to super-symmetry and/or beyond super-symmetry, additional fundamental forces, and/or additional quark flavors. The X’s indicate material combinations out of which the quarkonium bombs described above might be constructed.

The following table shows combinations of two flavored matter and anti-matter quarkonium cores and encasements. Italicized doublets are antimatter versions.

CORE

The following table shows combinations of two flavored matter and anti-matter quarkonium cores and encasements. Italicized doublets are antimatter versions.

CLADDING

The following table shows combinations of three flavored pure matter and pure anti-matter quarkonium cores and encasements. Italicized triplets are antimatter versions.

CORE

uds

udc

udb

udt

usc

usb

ust

ucb

uct

ubt

dcs

dcb

dct

dsb

dst

dbt

scb

sct

sbt

cbt

uds

udc

udb

udt

usc

usb

ust

ucb

uct

ubt

dcs

dcb

dct

dsb

dst

dbt

scb

sct

sbt

cbt

The following table shows combinations of three flavored pure matter and pure anti-matter quarkonium cores and encasements. Italicized triplets are antimatter versions.

CLADDING

uds

udc

udb

udt

usc

usb

ust

ucb

uct

ubt

dcs

dcb

dct

dsb

dst

dbt

scb

sct

sbt

cbt

uds

udc

udb

udt

usc

usb

ust

ucb

uct

ubt

dcs

dcb

dct

dsb

dst

dbt

scb

sct

sbt

cbt

B) Matrix Tables Indicating Some Combinations Of; Single Matter Flavored, Two Matter Flavored, And Two Flavored Matter Antimatter, Cores And Claddings For Quarkonium Explosive Devices.

Core

u/d

u/c

u/s

u/t

u/b

d/u

d/c

d/s

d/t

d/b

u/d

u/c

u/s

u/t

u/b

d/u

d/c

d/s

d/t

d/b

Note that the X’s mark possible core and cladding combinations wherein most if not all of the matter and antimatter between two modules, each composed of a core and/or a cladding which may both be optionally but not necessarily be constructed of the same material, or of one or more suitable quarkonium component enmeshments, can be made to annihilate in a properly constructed device.

Core

c/s

c/t

c/b

s/t

s/b

t/b

u/d

u/c

u/s

u/t

u/b

d/u

d/c

d/s

d/t

d/b

Core

u/d

u/c

u/s

u/t

u/b

d/u

d/c

d/s

d/t

d/b

c/s

c/t

c/b

s/t

s/b

t/b

Core

c/s

c/t

c/b

s/t

s/b

t/b

c/s

c/t

c/b

s/t

s/b

t/b

The above tables are not an exhaustive list of the possible combinations and a revised version of this article to be posted over the next few weeks will include many additional combinations in tabular forms.

Combinations or two or more types of quarkonium can be included in a device composed of two or modules

C) Shaped Charge Staging of Pure Matter-Antimatter Quarkonium Bombs.

Quarkonium matter-antimatter explosive based pellets might also be incorporated into fuel pellet runway streams.

It might be possible to construct matter antimatter quarkonium explosive devices wherein the matter-antimatter portion of the device is cladded and/or enmeshed with matter and/or antimatter that is not paired with is charge, parity, conjugate form of matter. The reason for the production of such devices entails the ability to take the gamma rays produced in a complete mass conversion into energy as a result of the exothermic matter-antimatter reaction, and at least partially if not fully absorb this energy into a medium that is then heated to tremendous temperatures at tremendous pressure wherein the medium as such produces a super hot plasma.

The purpose of producing a super-hot plasma for a pre-first stage shaped charging of such a device is to embody matter with a temperature and pressure several to many orders of magnitude higher than that of an ordinary matter antimatter explosive device. Such an embodiment can facilitate a way of handling the extremely high energy density of the matter-antimatter reaction in such a manner that the energy so produced can be concentrated by the production of fermionic and/or charged matter that would be initially heated to temperatures and pressurized several to many orders of magnitude above what otherwise might be possible. This is so because the superheated plasma within the first staging of the device would compress a portion of itself by its own intra-reactivity whereas a pure matter-antimatter device would not in theory be able to accomplish such a feat, at least not after all of the matter and antimatter was converted into gamma rays, the reason being that gamma rays are bosons that interact with each other very, very weakly under normal circumstances if at all. This is not to say that the superposed electric and magnetic fields of the gamma rays that pass through the same space at the same time could not result in the production of matter antimatter particle pairs via inducing virtual particle anti-particle pairs to become real matter particles, or other mechanisms involving the interaction of the super-high intensity photonic electric and magnetic fields with the zero point energy structure of the vacuum.

Regarding methods of producing a shaped charged matter-antimatter device, a few proposed configurations are described below.

A) The first device might simply have one primary wherein a quarkonium matter-antimatter device simply takes the form of a disk like structure wherein the matter and antimatter portion of the disks undergoes fusion simultaneously, or wherein the disk undergoes a radially staged matter antimatter reactions whereby differential radial portions of the disk have inert matter and/or antimatter that is super-heated and super-compressed at the precisely required time so as to compound the pressure of the compressed plasma at the very center of the disk thereby increasing the central plasma temperature and forcing the plasma to exit the central axis of the detonating disk in the form of a super-high temperature and super-high pressure jet.

In order to at least temporarily force the jet out in one axial direction instead of in the form of a symmetrical bipolar jet that would otherwise result, some sort of very dense inert quarkonium tamper or cladding might be incorporated into one face of the disk such that the super hot jet of material that would otherwise be projected outward and perpendicularly to the otherwise uncladded side would be reflected back to thus amplify the heat and pressure of the jet formed in the opposite direction. The extent of the cladding might include a cladding of such in the form of a plate or ring radially extending out a distance from the center; or the cladding may consist of multiple dense materials, wherein the radial distribution of the cladding materials may optionally differ in density, material type, or quantity to optimize the formation of a more approximately unipolar jet.

Note, that it is understood that the cladding would be reduced to a plasma on the scale of nanoseconds or less depending on the thickness of the cladding material for single stage devices that have a cladding thickness of perhaps a several centimeters.

Yet another configuration of this same basic design would entail a ring of dense material around the perimeter of a double sided cladded device

B) A second major type of configuration of such a large matter antimatter quarkonium device might entail a stacked series of such disks wherein each disk optionally has any of the characteristics as mentioned above in section A. Disks with diss-similar characteristics such as may optionally be chosen from the examples given above may be incorporated within a stacked arrangement and may each be detonated simultaneously and/or in a series or other temporal pattern so as to maximize the pressure, temperature, density, power density, and total jet energy.

One optional but non-limiting form of a similar device would simply take the form of a tall disk or a long cylinder in which the progression of the cladded matter antimatter reactions throughout the cylinder in terms of a radial and/or length-wise detonation pattern could be optimized to yield the highest temperatures, pressures, densities, power densities, and/or overall energy contained within the jet. Dense cladding of appropriate materials may in included at optimal positions along the outer surface of the cylinder, cladding in the form of plates or disks may be disposed in a lengthwise distribution along the axis of the cylinder or otherwise as may be necessary to achieve the requisite thermodynamic properties of the jet in order to induce maximal temperatures and pressures.

C) In a third general configuration, multiple disks would have their jets or axis facing inward wherein the disks would be disposed in such an arrangement such that the axes of rotation of the disks axes would all be coplanar. The same arrangement might be used with multiple matter antimatter explosive primaries that each have a cylindrical form such as those that are mentioned under section B above. The multiplicity of devices could be detonated simultaneously such that their jets converge at the same time thus producing a bipolar or unipolar jet of increased temperature, pressure, density, power density, and overall total energy in comparison to the single primary based configurations as described under sections A and B above. A tamper plate or mass may be incorporated on one face within the ring like distribution of primaries so that the jet thus formed is preferentially concentrated in one direction as a unipolar jet, at least initially.

D) In a fourth general configuration, a multiplicity of cylindrical arrangements wherein each arrangement optionally has any of the configurations described above in section C would be stacked, one on top of the other with optionally no or very little space between each of the former cylindrical arrangements, thus permitting amplified; pressures, temperatures, densities, power densities, and total energy content of the unipolar jet.

E) In a fifth general configuration, each of the overall substantially stacked cylindrical arrangements such as those described in section D could be included in multiplicity wherein these cylindrical components would be arranged in a manner similar to that described in section C above.

Note that higher levels of hierarchies similar to those described under sections C thru E can be included, but at the risk of over-redundant sounding descriptions, these further cases will not be discussed. However, note that practically any number of levels of hierarchy within these basic configurations can be incorporated into any such overall final product.

F) A sixth basic configuration would entail a conical wedge shaped region filled with any form of appropriate exothermic matter antimatter quarkonium fuel which may be cladded or enmeshed with inert matter or not, any form of dense quarkonium materials, and/or other quarkonium density energy absorptive materials wherein a final configuration of the finished product of any of the configurations in sections B through E would resemble in form, a shaped charged conventional warhead such as those commonly used in heavy armor defeating projectiles. Note that each of the substantially cylindrical arrangement subcomponents of the devices described in sections C through E can include a similar plasma squeezing conical distribution of material to enhance the shaped charge effect.

G) Note that any of the configurations described under sections B through F and/or some or all of the subcomponents may have a conical arrangement of their respective jets such that the jets for a given overall hierarchical element are not all coplanar at the given level of components or subcomponent hierarchy. Thus, the devices or sub-components at the final level and/or at any hierarchical level of subcomponent devices can form jets that are not coplanar but converge in a conical like pattern. In some designs, such an arrangement may be necessary in order to permit the jets formed from partially canceling them selves out.

D) Peaceful Uses Of Matter Antimatter Quarkonium Bombs And Shaped Charge Matter Antimatter Quarkonium Bombs.

Given the tremendous forces and pressures required to produce macroscopic wormholes as well as hold such wormholes open against self collapse for macroscopic time periods, perhaps the extreme explosive energy densities, energy flux densities, explosive energy density spatial and/or temporal gradients, energy flux density gradients, pressures, spatial and/or temporal pressure gradients, and the like could be used to expand ultra-microscopic wormholes to macroscopic spatial and temporal intervals, and/or produce new macroscopic wormholes. These wormholes might some how be kept open by the explosive flux energy until they would collapse, but nonetheless remain open long enough for macroscopic objects to pass through the wormholes in order to reach any of the following distant locations in space and/or time: 1) Cosmically remote regions in our universe, past, present, or future; 2) Higher dimensional space, space time, or time within our universe; 3) Higher dimensional space, space time, or time in general; 4) Parallel dimensional space, space time, or time either in our universe, or external to our universe; 5) Other universes; 6) Other multiverses; 7) Parallel universes; 8) Parallel Multiverses.

Alternatively, perhaps the explosive energy can be converted to low frequency electromagnetic energy, magnetic energy, or electro-dynamic field energy, in such a manner that an electromagnetic wormhole or Einstein Rosen Bridge is opened up. Electromagnetic field based teleportation has been the subject of science fiction and theoretical speculation for quite some time. Any electromagnetic wormholes, Einstein Rosen Bridges, or in general, electromagnetic, magnetic, or electric space time warps or distortions might lead to travel to cosmically distant location in space and/or time such as: 1) Cosmically remote regions in our universe, past, present, or future; 2) Higher dimensional space, space time, or time within our universe; 3) Higher dimensional space, space time, or time in general; 4) Parallel dimensional space, space time, or time either in our universe, or external to our universe; 5) Other universes; 6) Other multiverses; 7) Parallel universes; 8) Parallel Multiverses.

Another possibility is that the extreme explosive energy densities, energy flux densities, explosive energy density spatial and/or temporal gradients, energy flux density gradients, pressures, spatial and/or temporal pressure gradients, quantitative thermodynamic gradients, qualitative thermodynamic gradients, quantitative and qualitative thermodynamic gradients, and the like; might alter the zero point field structure of the vacuum, at least very locally. The alteration might be commensurate with or result in the production of a discontinuity in the vacuum of space time, and therefore within space, space time, or time itself. Some manifestations of such discontinuities might include: A) the production of teleportative effects; B) multiple or bi-locations of physical objects within the effected regions of space and/or time; super-position of local regions of space time with or within cosmically distance regions of space and/or time such as in: 1) Cosmically remote regions in our universe, past, present, or future; 2) Higher dimensional space, space time, or time within our universe; 3) Higher dimensional space, space time, or time in general; 4) Parallel dimensional space, space time, or time either in our universe, or external to our universe; 5) Other universes; 6) Other multiverses; 7) Parallel universes; 8) Parallel Multiverses; and/or C) multiple space, space time, or temporal connectivities with regions in: 1) Cosmically remote regions in our universe, past, present, or future; 2) Higher dimensional space, space time, or time within our universe; 3) Higher dimensional space, space time, or time in general; 4) Parallel dimensional space, space time, or time either in our universe, or external to our universe; 5) Other universes; 6) Other multiverses; 7) Parallel universes; 8) Parallel Multiverses.

Due to any electro-gravatic unification or electro-gravatic mixing parameters, the above forms of space time geometric and/or topological distortions may lead to any of the above transportative or kinematical effects through General Relativistic gravitational field manifestations.

Other mechanisms that might be operative to produce such effects, analogous effects, or similar effects might include manifestations of the: 1) electroweak unification or the electro-weak mixing parameter; 2) the electro-weak-strong unification or any electro-weak strong mixing parameters or GUT effects; 3) any electro-strong unification or electro-strong mixing parameters; 4) any electroweak-gravatic unification or mixing parameters; 5) and strong-gravatic unification or mixing parameters; 60 weak-gravatic unification or mixing parameters; 6) GUT field-gravatic unification or mixing parameters, etc.

One can thus contemplate the interaction or inter-relation of the electromagnetic, strong, and/or weak forces operative at the level of the subject quarkonium explosions with the fabric of space time.

In extreme situations wherein the explosive devices discussed herein would produce black-holes of macroscopic masses, and/or of macroscopic masses and radii, the possibility of the construction of artificial stable black holes presents its self. If black holes can be produced which are suitably asymmetrical, perhaps naked singularities could be produced. However, naked singularities can perhaps be very dangerous for the fabric of space and/time, the laws of physics, the particles and fields, and the microscopic and macroscopic structures and living organisms, and even the integrity and temporal order of causality within the universe, or perhaps even within the multiverse where such a naked singularity might be produced. Perhaps if naked singularities can be appropriately designed and controlled, any of their transformative effects could be put to good use for peaceful purposes such as for the production of energy, the production of new forms of energy, the production of new fundamental and/or hybrid forces, particles and fields, and perhaps even the production of negative mass, imaginary mass, or imaginary energy.

7) Conclusion

What ever of the above general forms of the pellets incorporated into one or more given runways, the massive energy density of the pellets prior to detonation might in theory range from that of ordinary STP densities encountered on Earth’s surface, all the way up to densities approaching that of small black holes, if not even as great as the Planck Density of Dp = Mp/(lp EXP 3) = [C EXP 5]/{[h/(2 pi)][G EXP 2] = 5.1 x 10 EXP 96 kilograms per cubic meter or just perhaps even greater densities than Dp.

The runways might exist as linear tracks or curvilinear or iterated runways wherein Relativistic Lorentz Turning Forces imposed by stellar and galactic magnetic fields on charged craft might keep a suitably electrically charged space craft on a curvilinear track in order to utilize the pellet streams. Curvilinear tracks might be more easily distributed

An interesting possibility for the existence of top quark based hadrons and mesons might involve the occasional quantum mechanical tunneling of two or more co-located top and/or antitop quarks into a bound state.

Now the top quarks with a mean half life of about 1 x 10 EXP 25 seconds is viewed as being a factor of 20 too short lived for the top quarks to hadronize, be such would be hadrons comprised solely of top and/or anti-top quarks in conjunction with up, down, charmed, strange, and/or bottom quarks.

If, however, it be the case that top quarks are produced in high energy collisions at the 2 TeV range Tevatron Synchrotron Colliding Accelerator at FERMI-Lab within the United States, or in greater abundance at the Large Hadron Collider when it becomes operational this year, there remains the possibility that given enough time, top quarks might be detected in hardronized energy states however small that probability might be.

A 2nd revised version of this article will be posted this weekend. The 2nd revised version will include additional tabulated data on some additional combinations of cladding and core matter and antimatter materials for the production of such quarkonium bombs as well as a discussion of additional peaceful uses for such devices.

Regards;

Jim

PS: By Now, The Reader Might Think I Am A Bomb Nut. They Might Think, “My God, Has Jim Lost It?” However, I Assure The Reader That I Am Not Advocating Any Militaristic Or Right Wing Cosmic Agenda Here. The Reason For The Discussion Of Such Immensely Powerful Devices Is That Manned And Womened Space Travel Will Require Extreme Energies For Scenarios Where Travel Distances And Travel Times Of Cosmic Proportion Are Considered.

I Am Convinced That The Nuclear, QCD, And Electroweak Genie Is Permanently Out Of The Bottle. But We Can Manage, Tame, And Actually Put To Peaceful Usage This Genie.

For Those Who Are More Curious About My Background, I Learned My Love Of Nuclear And Particle Physics From My Father At An Early Age.

My Father Worked As A Nuclear Engineer For Most Of His Working Career, First As A Career Naval Officer (Although He Retired With The Humble Rank Of Commander), And Then As A Department Of Energy And Department of Defense Civil Servant For The U.S Navy’s Naval Reactors Division.

My Father Served His Country Well And Earned A PhD From MIT in Nuclear Engineering In The Mid Late 1960s And Graduated At The Top Of His Class.

As A Young Boy, I Used To Love Looking Through My Father’s MIT Physics And Math Textbooks Although I Did Not Understand A Single Equation Within Them. My Love Of Physics And Math Started From Simply An Artistic Appreciation Of The Arrangement Of Symbols In The Mathematical And Graphical Material Contained Within The Books. My Love Of Such Physics Has Thus Had Humble Beginnings Given That I Was An Average Student In All Of Grade School. My Early Love Of Symbols Was More Of A Sign Of A Grade School Artistic Temperament Than It Was Of A Geek Or A Nerd.

As For Fire Crackers, The Little Boy In Me Still Comes Out From Time To Time. In The Town Of Enfield, Connecticut Where I Spent Much Of My Young Childhood, I Used To Sometimes Use The Money I Would Earn Doing Family Chores To Secretly By Fire Crackers From Elementary School Class-Mates. The First Time I Had Watched A Display Of M-80 Fire-Crackers At About Age 9, My First Reaction Was “G– —-“.

I Remember Fabricating Various Pyrotechnic Devices As An Elementary School Age And High School Age Youth And Made Some Pretty Cool Stuff.

I Have Never Served In The Military, However To Some Degree, I Have A Profound Sense Of Awe And Respect For Nuclear Energy And Nuclear Power And Even More So, The Creative Good That Can Come From It.

Think Of It. If It Were Not For Natural Nuclear Fusion In The Stars And Supernova, We Would Not Be Here. As The Late Carl Sagan Use To Say, “We Are Made Of Star-Stuff.”

My Love Of Fire-Crackers Has For The Most Part Been Tempered With Age And Maturity. I Have Worked Mainly In The Field Of Inventive Insitu Renewable Resource Harnessing Equipment And Together With One Of My Brothers, Have Acquired 8 Patents Within The U.S. (3 Utility And 5 Design Patents) And About 4 Patents In Foreign Jurisdictions And Currently Have Additional Pending Patent Applications For Which I Am A Co-Applicant. And So I Have Become An Advocate For Green And Sustainable Energy Technologies.

However, My Brother And I Have Not Yet Been Able To Market Our IP And Are Pretty Much Out Of Funds. If Anyone Is Interested In Learning More About Our Patented Inventions, And/or Who Might Like To License, Market, Or Otherwise Bring The Technology To Fruition, Feel Free To Let Me Know.

I Will Always Be An Advocate For Manned Interstellar Travel And Will Do What I Can To Promote It.

Lately, I Have Begun To Consider A Vocation Within The Catholic Church, Perhaps As A Clergymen, A Religious, Or Simply As A Lay-Person Who Has Some Rudimentary Ideas For The Possible Formation Of An Apostolate. However, The Plain Truth Is I Simply Do Not Know If I Even Have Such A Call And So I Am Open To The Advice Of Others Including Anyone Who Wishes To Offer Spiritual Direction.

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Shaped Charged Matter Antimatter Quarkonium Bombs And How Such Devices Might Produce Explosive Energy Flux Densities Many Orders Of Magnitude Greater Than Any Stabilized Matter Antimatter Neutron Crystal Density Explosive Devices: Some Peaceful But Exotic Ramifications For Distant Future Manned Star Flight. 2nd Revised Version.

November 7, 2009 by jamesmessig

1) Introduction

2) Matrix Tables Indicating Some Combinations Of Pure Matter And Pure Antimatter Cores And Claddings For Quarkonium Explosive Devices.

3) Matrix Tables Indicating Some Combinations Of; Single Matter Flavored, Two Matter Flavored, And Two Flavored Matter Antimatter, Cores And Claddings For Quarkonium Explosive Devices.

4) Shaped Charge Staging of Pure Matter-Antimatter Quarkonium Bombs.

5) Peaceful Uses Of Matter Antimatter Quarkonium Bombs And Shaped Charge Matter Antimatter Quarkonium Bombs.

6) Conclusion

1) Introduction

2) Matrix Tables Indicating Some Combinations Of Pure Matter And Pure Antimatter Cores And Claddings For Quarkonium Explosive Devices.

The following table shows combinations of single flavored matter and anti-matter quarkonium cores and encasements. Italicized flavors are antimatter versions.

CORE

The following table shows combinations of two flavored matter and anti-matter quarkonium cores and encasements. Italicized doublets are antimatter versions.

CORE

The following table shows combinations of two flavored matter and anti-matter quarkonium cores and encasements. Italicized doublets are antimatter versions.

CLADDING

The following table shows combinations of three flavored pure matter and pure anti-matter quarkonium cores and encasements. Italicized triplets are antimatter versions.