It has been suggested especially by science fiction enthusiasts that space craft and a persons’ body can be broken down into some of various forms of energy wherein the energy would be transmitted over long distances in free space whereupon the space craft or human body broken down into the beamed energy would be reconverted back to their original form. The popular science fiction series Star Trek is a good example of such scientific notions.
What if, however, such through free space beaming is possible? Could it also be possible that the mattergy and quantum mechanical information defining a space craft or a human being’s body might be transmittable through a cable such as a very high energy flux density capable; coaxial cable, highly electrically conducting cable, electrically superconducting cable, a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, and the like?
Perhaps the space craft or persons body could be broken down into electromagnetic energy which would then be passed through superconducting conduits of very narrow maximum width and very small cross section whereby the wall(s) of the superconducting conduit would act as a Casimar plates set up thereby eliminating zero point electromagnetic vitual vacuum fluctuations except those fluctuations that can have nodes that exist in the form of standing waves on the wall(s) of the superconducting conduit.
Such an electromagnetic set up might have altered values of the permeability of free space (mu nuaght) and electrical permittivity of free space (epsilon naught) whereby the square root of their inverse product would be greater than C in a free vacuum, if only slightly such, thereby pointing to the possibility of superluminal electromagnetic wave travel down the tube in the form of the beamed craft or beamed human body’s energy stream.
If this beam could be made to travel just a very small amount of velocity in excess of C, perhaps the beamed craft or body could be made to arrive at a distant location within or on the order of the Planck Time Unit back into the past wherein the beam would have effectively and quasi-apparently not traveled into the past at all because of the blurring and indefinability of time below the Planck level based of the uncertainty principle (delta E)(delta T) is approximately equal to or greater than (h bar/2) where h bar is the reduced Planck Constant. The Planck Time interval can be expressed as:
where h bar is the reduced Planck Constant, G is the universal gravitational constant, and c is the speed of light in a free vacuum. Note that C = 1/{[(mu naught)(epsilon naught)] EXP 1/2} ~ 3 x 10 EXP 8 meters/second.
If somehow in the very distant future, very long, perhaps cosmic lengthed so-called Casimar tubes or conduits could be deployed over distances of billions if not trillions or more lightyears, the possibility of beaming a craft or a person’s body down the tube to arrive at a location of cosmic distance essentially at a velocity greater than infinity or quicker than instantaneous might be achieved simply because the beam would arrive a very miniscule amount of time before it left, in short it would arrive at its destination before an instantaneously traveling object could with zero transit time such that the instantaneously traveling object would arrive at a point in time neither in the past nor the future relative to the time that it began its journey.
Perhaps producing Casimar waveguides that have a inner diameter on the order of the atomic radius, if not that of the atomic nucleus, made out of super conducting neutronium would allow that transmission of a beamed ship or human body over cosmic distances for waveguides of such deployed length to travel much further back in time due to the much more greatly reduced set of zero point electromagnetic fluctuations that can fit inside the waveguide as standing waves thus greatly decreasing the value of mu naught and epsilon naught thus leading to a value of 1/{[(mu naught)(epsilon naught)] EXP 1/2} >> C. If the diameter or largest width axis of the waveguide where small enough, then perhaps for a waveguide that was trillions of lightyears long and trillions of years old at some future date, the facilitation of backward time travel trillions of years into the past from the spacetime location from which the journey began could be accomplished by the beamed craft or beamed person’s body.
Another option is to convert the persons body into some form of faster than light particle or excitation beam within a conduit of perhaps of cosmic length in such a manner that the beamed energy would be reconstituted into the craft or human body at the other end of the conduit. The transmission could take place within a Planck Time interval into the past to produce effective travel quicker than instantaneously but yet effectively apparently not backward in time. Alternatively, a conduit made with very highly superluminal transmission media could be used for remote travel back into the past over a cosmic distance.
Yet another option would be to use some bazaar optical materials with a group velocity greater than C in such a manner that the photons would actually travel at a velocity greater than C through the optical conduit instead of simply traveling through the conduit at a velocity of C or less as is the case for experiments that have shown, since the 1980s, that in certain materials under certain conditions, the group wave velocity can exceed C significantly but not the photon speed nor the speed of energy or signal transmission. The fidelity of and the transmitted signal as such is completely blurred to oblivion over very short distances so that signal transmission faster than light so far has proven impossible.
Note that the group wave velocity is defined as follows:
where omega is the waves angular frequency and k is the waves wave number. Note that the group velocity of an electromagnetic wave is the velocity at which variations in the shape of the wave’s amplitude otherwise known as the modulation envelope of the wave propagate through space.
If a craft or a person’s body could be broken down into a current of photons wherein the photons travel faster than C through the medium, then perhaps very long optical conduits would permit travel of the craft or human body essentially at a velocity much faster than C or far back into the past for conduits of cosmic length that have existed for very long periods of time before the object was transmitted down the conduit.
Other perhaps novel ways to transmit broken down space craft or human bodies through conduits is to transmit them in some sort of weak force boson current, either electrically charged weak force bosons such as the W+ or W- boson or in the form of a weak neutral current such as carried by the Z naught (or Zo) weak force bosons in some sort of nucleonic dense material such as neutonium, nucleonium, or perhaps denser quarkonium conduits.
In short, if such technology is ever developed, we might be able to transmit objects down cables in a manner analogous to the mid 20th century motion picture, “The Fly”.
If the value of C can be increased within a Casimar Plate type conduit set up wherein the conduit is composed of superconducting material with very small maximum width and small cross-section, perhaps the velocity of electrical current flow may also be increased along with the increase in C by virtue of the increase in the inverse square root of the product of the magnetic permeability and electrical permittivity of free space. If a space craft could be broken down into electrical energy, perhaps the craft could be transmitted through the conduit and reassembled at the other end of the Casimar Conduit. The same backward time traveling possibilities for similar set ups described in above may also apply for this set up.
As another example of space craft traveling through a Casimar Conduit set up, imagine a space craft that was rotated along its axis of travel, and then end over end for two dimensional forced rotation wherein the rotational velocity would be made so great that the craft would experience Lorentz contraction along the dimensions perpendicular to the axes of rotation until the craft rolled up into essentially a point. The craft would then be beamed down a Lorentz Conduit whole while being accellerated to a velocity Ccond – e > C vacumm wherein the craft would be afforded the opportuinity of time travel backward into the past: far backward in time for Ccond – e >> Cvacuum wherein e can essentially become vanishingly small.
For cases wherein the conduit would permit only Ccond a miniscule value greater than Cvacuum, perhaps the above set up could be used to send a craft over interstellar or even cosmic distances depending on the length of the Casimar tube wherein the craft would arrive at a remote location within a Planck time interval or two into the past relative to the time that it left on its journey. As in the analogous cases discussed above, the craft might effectively travel cosmic distances at a rate faster than instantaneous travel because it would arrive at its destination before a space craft launched at the same time but traveling instantaneously would, i.e., traveling the distance and arriving at its location not a moment before nor after its departure thus greeting the space travelers that left at the exact same time but which arrived at a Planck Time unit or two earlier.
An alternative method of transmitting the bi-axially Lorentz contracted space craft down a conduit is simply to send it down a microscopic or sub-microscopic wormhole as a short cut into remote locations of spacetime past, present, or future within our cosmos, locations in higher dimensional space, locations within parallel dimensional space or parallel histories be these ordinary 4 – D Einsteinian space time dimensions or higher dimensional space, any of the higher dimensions of hyper space, through any of the higher or extra-dimensions of string theory and/or the theory of p-branes, other universes, paralell universes, parent or child universes of the theory of chaotic inflation, and the like.
The sub-microscopic wormholes used may be drawn from zero point space time topological fluctuations or be produced by particle accellerators and the like ultra-high energy particle collisions producing mechanisms.
Perhaps rotational accelleration induced forces for these greatly Lorentz contracted space craft and their cargo could be counteracted by enourmously intense but highly localized electric or magnetic fields produced by appropriately located field generators within the ship. Alternatively, the forces could be counteracted perhaps by artificial gravity, space time distortion based force cancellation, antigravity, electrogravatic field generation and the like.
The energy to power the bi-axial rotation and the extreme gamma factors required might be supplied by extracting latent energy from the zero point vacuumm energy fields. The density of such energy is theoretically as much as 120 orders of magnitude greater than that of the average density of mattergy within our universe. A picometer cube of space might have an latent energy density in the form of latent zero point energy or virtual particle fluctuations about 5 orders of magnitude greater than that of the entire observable universe’s real mattergy. A region of otherwise empty space with a volume of an atomic nucleous would have roughly the same energy as that of the entire real mattergy content of the observable universe which as a radius of 13.7 billion light-years.
Regarding the notion that conduits could be threaded into or through higher dimensional space and/or spacetime, paralell dimensional space and/or spacetime, other universes, or paralell universes, if such were possible, technologies might be developed in which short cuts through space time for which inter-higher-dimensional or inter-parallell-dimensional conduits would allow greatly reduced transit distance and times for beamed space craft and beamed human bodies.
The higher dimensional space or spacetimes might exist in the form of dimensions external to that of our universe in terms of the classic 4-D Einsteinian model of our Big Bang outside of which supposedly exists hyperspace, perhaps of ultimately an infinite number of dimensions. The idea here would be to use this hyperspace as a short cut to cosmically remote locations within spacetime, past, present, or future within our universe and/or to faciliate transmission of space craft to other universes existing, in essense, as islands within or embedded in the hyperspace wherein these other universes may have an equal or greater mumber of dimensions than the 4 ordinary dimensions of our universe or perhaps a lesser, equal, or greater number of dimensions than the 10,11, or 26 dimensions of our universe proposed in the newests versions of string theory or the older bosonic string theory respectively.
Another possibility is that the conduits could be threaded into the higher dimensional space of string theory and the theory of branes in which a short cut could be made to cosmically remote locations in space or spacetime within our universe, past, present, or future, or to other universes located as or on other branes such as the branes in the theory of branes.
Note once again, that string theory proposes that there are 10,11, or perhaps 26 dimensions within our universe wherein these quoted numbers of dimensions are for the some of the newest through the oldest versions of string theory respectively. Accordingly, all of the dimensions except the 4 dimensions that we are aware of are rolled up or compatified to a radius of as small as the Planck Length of approximately 10 EXP -35 meters although newer estimates suggest that at least some of the extra dimensions might not have a radius quite so small. Experiments at the newly upgraded Light Hadron Collider or the LHC at CERN will attempt to find evidence for the size and number of such dimensions via the study of the decay products and patterns of ultra-relativistic particle collisions with collision energies on the order of 10 to 14 TeV per nucleon.
The theory of branes proposes that the fundamental entities within the universe exist in the form of membranes of various dimensions, or branes for short, wherein the dimensionality of these branes ranges from zero to perhaps infinity. In M theory, a pointlike particle is a zero dimensional membrane or 0-brane, a string is a 0ne dimensional membranes or 1-brane, etc. Accordingly, a (p + 1) dimensional world volume of spacetime is swept out by each p-brane as the p-brane propagates through space time.
In one form of brane theory, the 4-D ordinary Einsteinian Spacetime we are aware of is restricted to a membrane that exists in higher dimensional space called the bulk. Accordingly, branes of various dimensions are free to move around in the bulk. In some scenarios, our Big Bang was formed from the release of energy when two branes collided within the Bulk.
As another possibility involving the interdimensional threading of beamed object containable conduits, the conduits might be threaded into parallel dimensional universes or the parallel histories of the socalled “Many Worlds Interpretation” of quantum theory in which the existence of a seperate history is formed each time an act of a wavefunction collapse occurs or an act of decoherence occurs such as when the location of a sub-atomic matter wave packet in the form of a particle is localized through an interaction and the like. Accordingly, there are an ensemble, perhaps an infinite number of parallel histories wherein each of the branches or histories is giving rise to another history each time a collapse of a wave function occurs, a process which is ubiquitously occuring in space and in time through out our universe or history as well as in all other histories. The idea here is that one history might act as a short cut to a distance location of space time within a parallel history or a parallel history might act as an short cut between two locations in space time within our history.
Yet another concept of the threading of the conduits involves conduits connecting parent and child universes within the multi-verse according to the theory of chaotic inflation. In the theory of chaotic inflation, at just about every location if not at every location in a given universe, baby universes are constantly forming and growing forever or collapsing back on themselves. Within a Planck time interval of a universes formation, it casually becomes seperated from its parent universe or becomes casually decoupled from its parent universe so that there is no risk of destructive backflow of information or mass and energy which could have disasterous effects otherwise on the parent universe. Each of the child universes could have its unique physical laws, fundamental constants, curvature of dimensions, and in some cases number of dimensions. However, in some cases, the child universe may be essentially identical to the parent universe in these respects. Each child universe would in turn give rise to its own off spring and so on in an eternally ever growing fractal tree or fractal-verse. Like wise each parent universe would have been a child of yet another universe which would have had its own parent and so on ad infinitum. Whats even more bazaar is that there is no reason to rule out the possibility that there might be innumerable, perhaps infinitely many family trees or lineages wherein each lineage or fractal-verse is completely casually decoupled from the rest.
Such an independent or semi-independent set of fractal verses is referred to as a forest. Note that there may be an infinite number of forests which make up a socalled biosphere. Likewise, there may exist an infinite number of biospheres and the level of higher hierarchies may continue indefinately.
Another option, might be to thread the conduits through wormholes for cases where the distance through a wormole between its two mouths, although greatly reduced with respect to the distance between them in external space, is still very long thus requiring fast transmission of the craft or person’s body through a conduit threaded through the wormhole.
Some manners in which a human person’s body or a space craft or transport might be broken down into an energy stream that is transmitted down a conduit at velocities almost equal to C, equal to C, or perhaps greater than C, is to superpose the matter and energy waves that constitute the macroscopic object to be beamed in such a manner that the over all effective mass-energy content of the system is reduced to a microscopic or even a quantum level extent, thus permitted low power flux density, and small diameter cables to carry the beamed energy.
Perhaps someway of temporarilly setting up a partially or fully destructive interference of the matter waves and energy waves that define the object to be transmitted could be accomplished by the destructive super-position of the quantum wave functions defining: 1) the individual fermions and bosons that constitute the transmittted objects original state; and/or 2) the of microscopic but classical level differential portions of the transmitted object’s original state; and/or 3)and/or or that of the entire object considered in its unity as a simgle wave function comprised of a linear combination of all of the elemental wave functions that constitute or define each individual fermion and boson that in totality comprises the transmitted object.
Perhaps the object can be so transmitted without any or at least very little of the quantum mechanical and thermodynamic information that defines the pre-transmitted object being lost.
Perhaps quantum mechanical entanglement can be made of use in transmitting the object wherein the information defining the over all superposition of quantum wave-functions that define the object to be transmitted are made to become entangled any of the quasiparticles included in the table below which is conviently taken from Wikipedia. Note that although Wikipedia does not have the rigorous peer reviewed process as do promenant peer reviewed Journals, you can be assured from someone like myself that has studied solid state physics that the quasiparticles listed in the table below are real manifestations within solid and/or liquid materials.
| Quasiparticle | Signification |
|---|---|
| Chargon | A quasiparticle produced as a result of electron spin-charge separation |
| Configuron | An elementary configurational excitation in an amorphous material which involves breaking of a chemical bond |
| Electron hole (hole) | A lack of electron in a valence band |
| Libron | A quasiparticle associated with the librational motion of molecules in a molecular crystal. |
| Exciton | A bound state of an electron and a hole |
| Magnon | A coherent excitation of electron spins in a material |
| Phason | Vibrational modes in a quasicrystal associated with atomic rearrangements |
| Phonon | Vibrational modes in a crystal lattice associated with atomic shifts |
| Plasmon | A coherent excitation of a plasma |
| Polaron | A moving charged quasiparticle that is surrounded by ions in a material |
| Polariton | A mixture of photon with other quasiparticles |
| Roton | Elementary excitation in superfluid Helium-4 |
| Soliton | A self-reinforcing solitary excitation wave |
| Spinon | A quasiparticle produced as a result of electron spin-charge separation |
Perhaps analogues of these quasiparticles that exist in neutron dense matter, matter of quark density, the proposed super dense matter called Higginium comprised of Higginos which are proposed super-symmetric fermionic counterparts to the still theoretical but long saught after Standard Model particles known as the Higgs Boson, and the like and be used as the medium of quantum mechanical information transmission.
Perhaps somehow, the quantum state defining a macroscopic object can be entangled with one or more gluons wherein the gluons would somehow be conducted or transmitted down a nuclear force transmission conduit whereupon the object would be reassembled at the other end of the conduit.
One major caveat of performing such condensed wave function based transmission of macroscopic objects is the ability to decompress the associated compressed quantum mechanical information defining the pre-transmitted state of the object to be transmitted, and to do such with extremely high fidelity thus perserving the identity of any persons so transmitted.
Perhaps, quantum hidden variables, if the exist, can be used to encode such information in compressed form, and then so, in a form embodied by a single fermion, boson, or quasiparticle.
Note that in general, for quantum mechanical systems, the following time dependent Shrodinger equation describes the associated wave function:
where i is the square root of -1
h bar is the reduced Planck constant
psi is the wave-function of the system
and H is the Hamiltonian operator
The above differential equation can be solved completely and directly for only the simplest of systems. Numerical methods are used to solve the equation for more complex but still simple systems wherein the calculations include in part, measured values, thus resulting in convienient approximations.
For a single particle in three dimensional space, the time dependent Shrodinger Equation is as follows:
- where r is the position of the particle in three dimensional space,
V(r) is the time dependent potential energy of the particle at each position r(x,y,z).
Note that relativistic analogues exist for the Shrodinger Equation within the field of relativistic quantum field theory and are applicable to systems involving significant relativistic Lorentz factors or signficant values of gamma = 1/{[1 - [(v/c) EXP 2]] EXP (1/2)}, in other words ,for special relativistic systems.
and m is the particles mass.
Note that del EXP 2 in three dimensions expressed in cartesian coordinates is equal to:
and is called the Laplacian.
The development of the Schrodinger Equation in one, two, and three spatial dimensions, in its time independent and time dependent forms is one of the hallmarks of early 20th century physics and is widely used today in physics and applied theoretical physics and related disciplines.
Computations of the wave-functions of time independent and time dependent systems are usually done numerically on computers due to the high degree of complexity in all but the simplest of cases.
It is the complexity of the wave functions even in relatively small systems such as molecules that will render the beaming or transmission of such systems along with the quantum mechanical information defining their pre-transmitted states, very difficult, especially over long distances.
Note that quantum mechanical entanglement has been demonstrated over macroscopic distances for relatively very simple systems, and in theory is possible for large macroscopic systems such as the human body, however, transporting the human body through a conduit will prove a great challenge if it is ever achievable, and will likely not be possible for a very long time to follow.
Note that other scenarios can be contemplated and may be the subject of future articles related to this topic.
Regards;
Jim
July 2, 2009 at 4:38 am |
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